Systematic Lab Knowledge Integration for Management of Lipid Excess in High-Risk Patients : Rationale and Design of the SKIM LEAN Project

SKIM LEAN aims at exploiting Electronic Health Records (EHRs) to integrate knowledge derived from routine laboratory tests with background analysis of clinical databases, for the identification and early referral to specialist care, where appropriate, of patients with hypercholesterolemia, who may be inadequately controlled according to their cardiovascular (CV) risk level. SKIM LEAN addresses gaps in care that may occur through the lack of coordination between primary and specialist care, incomplete adherence to clinical guidelines, or poor patient's compliance to the physician's prescriptions because of comorbidities or drug side effects. Key project objectives include: (1) improved health professionals' competence and patient empowerment through a two-tiered educational website for general practitioners (GPs) and patients, and (2) implementation of a hospital-community shared care pathway to increase the proportion of patients at high/very-high CV risk (Familial Hypercholesterolemia, previous CV events) who achieve target LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. Thanks to a close collaboration between clinical and information technology partners, SKIM LEAN will fully exploit the value of big data deriving from EHRs, and filter such knowledge using clinically-derived algorithms to risk-stratify patients. Alerts for GPs will be generated with interpreted test results. GPs will be able to refer patients with uncontrolled LDL-C within the shared pathway to the lipid or secondary prevention outpatient clinics of NIG hospital. Metrics to verify the project achievements include web-site visits, the number of alerts generated, numbers of patients referred by GPs, the proportion of secondary prevention patients who achieve LDL-C 50% decrease from baseline

First observation of the cosmic ray shadow of the Moon and the Sun with KM3NeT/ORCA

This article reports the first observation of the Moon and the Sun shadows in the sky distribution of cosmic-ray induced muons measured by the KM3NeT/ORCA detector. The analysed data-taking period spans from February 2020 to November 2021, when the detector had 6 Detection Units deployed at the bottom of the Mediterranean Sea, each composed of 18 Digital Optical Modules. The shadows induced by the Moon and the Sun were detected at their nominal position with a statistical significance of 4.2 σ and 6.2 σ , and an angular resolution of σres= 0. 49 ∘ and σres= 0. 66 ∘ , respectively, consistent with the prediction of 0. 53 ∘ from simulations. This early result confirms the effectiveness of the detector calibration, in time, position and orientation and the accuracy of the event direction reconstruction. This also demonstrates the performance and the competitiveness of the detector in terms of pointing accuracy and angular resolution

Searches for neutrinos in the direction of radio-bright blazars with the ANTARES telescope

Active galaxies, especially blazars, are among the most promising neutrino source candidates. To date, ANTARES searches for these objects considered GeV-TeV $\gamma$-ray bright blazars. Here, a statistically complete radio-bright blazar sample is used as the target for searches of origins of neutrinos collected by the ANTARES neutrino telescope over 13 years of operation. The hypothesis of a neutrino-blazar directional correlation is tested by pair counting and by a complementary likelihood-based approach. The resulting post-trial $p$-value is $3.0\%$ ($2.2\sigma$ in the two-sided convention), possibly indicating a correlation. Additionally, a time-dependent analysis is performed to search for temporal clustering of neutrino candidates as a mean of detecting neutrino flares in blazars. None of the investigated sources alone reaches a significant flare detection level. However, the presence of 18 sources with a pre-trial significance above $3\sigma$ indicates a $p=1.4\%$ ($2.5\sigma$ in the two-sided convention) detection of a time-variable neutrino flux. An \textit{a posteriori} investigation reveals an intriguing temporal coincidence of neutrino, radio, and $\gamma$-ray flares of the J0242+1101 blazar at a $p=0.5\%$ ($2.9\sigma$ in the two-sided convention) level. Altogether, the results presented here suggest a possible connection of neutrino candidates detected by the ANTARES telescope with radio-bright blazars

Search for neutrino counterparts to the gravitational wave sources from O3 catalogues with the ANTARES detector

Since 2015 the LIGO and Virgo interferometers have detected gravitational waves from almost one hundred coalescences of compact objects (black holes and neutron stars). This article presents the results of a search performed with data from the ANTARES telescope to identify neutrino counterparts to the gravitational wave sources detected during the third LIGO/Virgo observing run and reported in the catalogues GWTC-2, GWTC-2.1, and GWTC-3. This search is sensitive to all-sky neutrinos of all flavours and of energies $>100\,$GeV, thanks to the inclusion of both track-like events (mainly induced by $\nu_\mu$ charged-current interactions) and shower-like events (induced by other interaction types). Neutrinos are selected if they are detected within $\pm 500\,$s from the GW merger and with a reconstructed direction compatible with its sky localisation. No significant excess is found for any of the 80 analysed GW events, and upper limits on the neutrino emission are derived. Using the information from the GW catalogues and assuming isotropic emission, upper limits on the total energy $E_{\rm tot, \nu}$ and on the fraction of the total energy budget $f_\nu = E_{\rm tot, \nu}/E_{\rm rad}$ emitted as neutrinos of all flavours are also computed. Finally, a stacked analysis of all the 72 binary black hole mergers (respectively the 7 neutron star - black hole merger candidates) has been performed to constrain the typical neutrino emission within this population, leading to the limits: $E_{\rm tot, \nu} < 4.0 \times 10^{53}\,$erg and $f_\nu < 0.15$ (respectively, $E_{\rm tot, \nu} < 3.2 \times 10^{53}\,$erg and $f_\nu < 0.88$) for $E^{-2}$ spectrum and isotropic emission. Other assumptions including softer spectra and non-isotropic scenarios have also been tested.Comment: 13 pages, 4 figure

KM3NeT broadcast optical data transport system

The optical data transport system of the KM3NeT neutrino telescope at the bottom of the Mediterranean Sea will provide more than 6000 optical modules in the detector arrays with a point-to-point optical connection to the control stations onshore. The ARCA and ORCA detectors of KM3NeT are being installed at a depth of about 3500 m and 2500 m, respectively and their distance to the control stations is about 100 kilometers and 40 kilometers. In particular, the two detectors are optimised for the detection of cosmic neutrinos with energies above about 1 TeV (ARCA) and for the detection of atmospheric neutrinos with energies in the range 1 GeV-1 TeV (ORCA). The expected maximum data rate is 200 Mbps per optical module. The implemented optical data transport system matches the layouts of the networks of electro-optical cables and junction boxes in the deep sea. For efficient use of the fibres in the system the technology of Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing is applied. The performance of the optical system in terms of measured bit error rates, optical budget are presented. The next steps in the implementation of the system are also discussed

Probing invisible neutrino decay with KM3NeT-ORCA

In the era of precision measurements of the neutrino oscillation parameters, upcoming neutrino experiments will also be sensitive to physics beyond the Standard Model. KM3NeT/ORCA is a neutrino detector optimised for measuring atmospheric neutrinos from a few GeV to around 100 GeV. In this paper, the sensitivity of the KM3NeT/ORCA detector to neutrino decay has been explored. A three-flavour neutrino oscillation scenario, where the third neutrino mass state $\nu_3$ decays into an invisible state, e.g. a sterile neutrino, is considered. We find that KM3NeT/ORCA would be sensitive to invisible neutrino decays with $1/\alpha_3=\tau_3/m_3 < 180$~$\mathrm{ps/eV}$ at $90\%$ confidence level, assuming true normal ordering. Finally, the impact of neutrino decay on the precision of KM3NeT/ORCA measurements for $\theta_{23}$, $\Delta m^2_{31}$ and mass ordering have been studied. No significant effect of neutrino decay on the sensitivity to these measurements has been found.Comment: 27 pages, 14 figures, bibliography updated, typos correcte

Embedded Software of the KM3NeT Central Logic Board

The KM3NeT Collaboration is building and operating two deep sea neutrino telescopes at the bottom of the Mediterranean Sea. The telescopes consist of latices of photomultiplier tubes housed in pressure-resistant glass spheres, called digital optical modules and arranged in vertical detection units. The two main scientific goals are the determination of the neutrino mass ordering and the discovery and observation of high-energy neutrino sources in the Universe. Neutrinos are detected via the Cherenkov light, which is induced by charged particles originated in neutrino interactions. The photomultiplier tubes convert the Cherenkov light into electrical signals that are acquired and timestamped by the acquisition electronics. Each optical module houses the acquisition electronics for collecting and timestamping the photomultiplier signals with one nanosecond accuracy. Once finished, the two telescopes will have installed more than six thousand optical acquisition nodes, completing one of the more complex networks in the world in terms of operation and synchronization. The embedded software running in the acquisition nodes has been designed to provide a framework that will operate with different hardware versions and functionalities. The hardware will not be accessible once in operation, which complicates the embedded software architecture. The embedded software provides a set of tools to facilitate remote manageability of the deployed hardware, including safe reconfiguration of the firmware. This paper presents the architecture and the techniques, methods and implementation of the embedded software running in the acquisition nodes of the KM3NeT neutrino telescopes